The maritime industry is moving through one of the most important transformations in its history. Ships that once operated as collections of independent systems are now evolving into integrated digital ecosystems, where navigation, monitoring, and control systems must exchange a constant flow of data. This shift unlocks efficiency, safety, and sustainability, but it also brings new challenges: legacy infrastructure, rising cybersecurity threats, and growing compliance requirements.

At the heart of this transformation lies the IEC 61162 family[1] of standards. Their specifications provide a common language for shipboard communication, creating a reliable and secure digital backbone that bridges the gap between past technologies and future requirements.

The Demands Driving Maritime Modernization

To understand why IEC 61162 matters today, it's important to look at the core challenges shaping modern shipping operations.

1. Integrating Diverse Systems
   From the bridge to the engine room, vessels rely on radar, ECDIS, autopilot, voyage data recorders, and countless other systems. Without a standardized communication framework, these systems often operate in digital silos, creating inefficiencies and risks. Seamless integration is now essential for achieving full operational awareness, automating functions, and ensuring accurate compliance reporting.
2. Retrofitting for Cost-effectiveness
   According to UNCTAD (2024),[2] the average commercial vessel is over 22 years old. With high costs for new builds, most owners are choosing to retrofit existing ships with modern technology. Retrofitting requires a framework that allows older systems to coexist with new technologies to ensure continuity without starting from scratch.
3. Making Cybersecurity a Priority
   Digital connectivity has opened a new focus: cybersecurity. A single breach can disrupt operations, compromise vessel safety, or expose sensitive data. Recognizing this threat, regulators have made robust cybersecurity mandatory through frameworks like IMO MSC.428(98) and IACS Unified Requirements E26/E27. Securing all data communication is no longer an option—it's a fundamental business imperative.
4. Compliance As an Operating Requirement
   From fuel consumption reporting (IMO DCS)[3] to cybersecurity frameworks (E26/E27), regulatory compliance has become a condition for doing business. Shipowners need a standardized, auditable way to collect and transmit data to ensure they not only meet today's requirements, but are also prepared for future mandates.

How IEC 61162 Meets These Needs

The IEC 61162 family provides a layered, adaptable framework that directly solves the maritime industry's integration, retrofit, cybersecurity, and compliance challenges.

1. Integration Through Standardized Protocols
   IEC 61162 defines how data flows between navigation, monitoring, and control systems. Early standards like IEC 61162-1/-2 (NMEA 0183)[4] enabled simple one-to-many communication, while IEC 61162-3 (NMEA 2000)[5] expanded this with higher capacity CAN-bus networks. The introduction of IEC 61162-450[6] brought Ethernet into the picture, allowing real-time multicast data exchange across critical bridge systems. Together, these standards make integration practical and reliable.
2. Support for Legacy and Modern Systems
   One of the strengths of IEC 61162 is its layered design. Older protocols remain valid, enabling vessels to continue using trusted legacy equipment while gradually adopting newer Ethernet-based solutions. Gateways and protocol converters bridge the gap, ensuring that legacy devices remain part of a connected ecosystem rather than being replaced outright — a key advantage for cost-effective retrofits.
3. Cybersecurity Built Into the Standard
   IEC 61162-460[7] extends Ethernet communication with cybersecurity at its core. It introduces redundancy, segmentation, firewalls, and role-based access controls to protect against unauthorized access and malicious traffic. Secure gateways create controlled boundaries between internal ship networks and external connections, aligning directly with the cybersecurity demands of IMO and IACS regulations. In doing so, IEC 61162-460 transforms vessel communication into a resilient digital backbone.
4. A Framework for Compliance
   By standardizing communication and embedding security features, IEC 61162 provides shipowners and builders with a ready-made framework for meeting regulatory mandates. It supports IMO DCS reporting, carbon intensity monitoring, and compliance with IACS Unified Requirements E26/E27. In short, the standards give the industry a structured path to achieving operational safety and regulatory alignment.

Futureproofing Maritime Operations

The shipping industry's future will be shaped by both decarbonization and digitalization. Achieving cleaner fuel consumption, more efficient operations, and stronger cybersecurity are interconnected goals. IEC 61162 standards are not simply technical specifications; they are the foundation of this transition—enabling interoperability, protecting vessel networks, and ensuring compliance in a complex regulatory environment.

As fleets grow older and digital demands intensify, shipowners, integrators, and builders need solutions that bridge the past and future. IEC 61162 provides exactly that: a framework where legacy systems, modern technologies, and cybersecurity coexist seamlessly. The result is a fleet that is not only compliant and efficient but also future-ready to navigate the challenges of an increasingly digital maritime world.

For more information, visit Moxa's Maritime Microsite.